Pdf lymphatic filariasis in a rural community in nigeria. Dec 18, 2007 contributions of different mosquito species to the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in central nigeria. Lymphatic filariasis is one of the most prevalent of the infections and causes significant morbidity in those who suffer the clinical conditions, particularly lymphedema and hydrocele. Sep 17, 2018 lymphatic filariasis lf is a mosquitoborne parasitic disease and a major cause of disability worldwide.
Nigeria is estimated to have the highest burden of lymphatic filariasis lf, a disease also known as elephantiasis, which is transmitted by mosquitoes and caused by the parasite wuchereria bancrofti. Mar 02, 2020 lymphatic filariasis impairs the lymphatic system and can lead to the abnormal enlargement of body parts, causing pain, severe disability and social stigma. Lymphatic filariasis is transmitted by mosquitoes and is caused by two closely related nematodes, wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. Lymphatic filariasis and malaria awareness amongst residents of port harcourt metropolis abstract a study to determine the knowledge, attitude and perception of malaria and lymphatic filariasis amongst the residents of port harcourt metropolis was conducted by administering. The baseline endemicity profile of lymphatic filariasis lf is a key benchmark for planning control programmes, monitoring their impact on transmission and assessing the feasibility of achieving elimination. Lymphatic filariasis and malaria awareness amongst residents. Conclusions this is the first documented report of lymphatic filariasis among the yakurr people of cross river state, nigeria. Lymphatic filariasis is a human disease caused by parasitic worms known as filarial worms. Before dec treatment for lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis should be excluded in all patients with a consistent exposure history because of the possibility of severe exacerbations of skin and eye involvement mazzotti reaction. Lymphatic filariasis genetic and rare diseases information.
Implementation of mass drug administration for the control of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis lf has been on going in the country since 2000. Status of lymphatic filariasis in five communities of yorro local. The impact of leprosy, podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis. Millions of nigerians no longer are at risk of lymphatic filariasis since a pioneering partnership between nigerias federal ministry of health and the carter center succeeded in 2017 in eliminating the disease as a public health problem in plateau and nasarawa states. Programs to eliminate lymphatic filariasis are under way in more than 66 countries. Recently, nigeria was certified guineawormfree by who. People living for a long time in tropical or subtropical areas where the disease is common are at the greatest risk for infection. Nigeria launches coordinated plan to eliminate malaria and.
Contributions of different mosquito species to the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in central nigeria. Rapid epidemiological assessment of lymphatic filariasis. Nigeria s national programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis has concluded mapping to identify endemic districts, based on a binary classification of endemic or nonendemic. In africa the disease is caused by wuchereria bancrofti. As nigeria commence her lymphatic filariasis elimination programmes, there is an urgent need to develop morbidity management activities that will alleviate the burden of patients. Dec is contraindicated in patients who may also have onchocerciasis. The baseline endemicity profile of lymphatic filariasis lf is a key benchmark. Wuchereria bancrofti and the other mosquitoborne parasites that cause human lymphatic filariasis lf infect over. The aims of the programme are i to interrupt transmission with mass drug administration and ii to manage morbidity and prevent disability. Lymphatic filariasis in africa is caused by the parasite wuchereria bancrofti and remains a major cause of morbidity and disability in 74 countries globally. Lymphatic filariasis an overview sciencedirect topics. Lymphatic filariasis, lymphoedema, hydrocoele, circulating filarial antigen, benue state, nigeria. Rapid epidemiological assessment of lymphatic filariasis in northern taraba focus, nigeria elkanah sambo obadiah1, elkanah deborah sambo1, madara adamu alhaji2, akafyi danlami elisha3, kela santaya4, anyanwu greg4, samaila adamu4 1department of biological sciences, faculty of natural sciences, taraba state university, jalingo, nigeria. This study was aimed at mapping and describing the transmission pattern of lymphatic filariasis in order to identify high risk zones of infection in cross river state crs, to guide intervention programmes.
Neglected tropical diseases ntds afflict around one billion individuals in the poorest parts of the world with many more at risk. Neglected tropical diseases nigeria multi year master. There are three different filarial species that can cause lymphatic filariasis in humans. The partners have eliminated lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in two states in nigeria, africas most populous country and the seventhlargest in the world. A major concern to the expansion of the lf elimination programme is the risk of serious adverse events saes associated with the use of ivermectin in areas coendemic with loa filariasis. In studies among persons affected by leprosy in nigeria and mozambique 4345, persons affected by lymphatic filariasis in nigeria, ghana and malawi 4650, and persons affected by podoconiosis in ethiopia 51,52, those interviewed also reported severe social participation restrictions. Most of the infections worldwide are caused by wuchereria bancrofti.
Lymphatic filariasis among the yakurr people of cross river. Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquitoborne parasitic disease that is caused by a filarial nematode wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi or brugia timori and is, within the group of neglected tropical diseases, an important cause of chronic morbidity. Two horrific diseases in nigeria malaria and lymphatic filariasis lf are being targeted for elimination through a new effort to combine prevention activities, which are detailed in a set of coimplementation guidelines issued on february 18, 2014, by the federal ministry of health with support from the carter center. Njoku abstract a study was done in order to identify the vectors of wuchereria bancrofti the causative organisms of lymphatic filariasis. Nigeria has made tremendous progress in curtailing the effects and transmission of some of these ntds especially with regards to onchocerciasis, leprosy and gwd. Studies on the vector competence and their role in the transmission of malaria and filariasis in makurdi, nigeria. Oct 18, 2017 nigeria has over 120 million people at risk nationwide for the mosquito borne parasitic disease, lymphatic filariasis. Seroprevalence of lymphatic filariasis in six communities. Lf is targeted for elimination and the national programme is scaling up mass drug administration mda across the country to interrupt transmission. Microstratification overlap mapping mom as a prerequisite for costeffective resource utilization in control and surveillance.
Environmental suitability for lymphatic filariasis in nigeria. Nigeria has a significant burden of lymphatic filariasis lf caused by the. Lymphatic filariasis and associated morbidities in rural communities of ogun state, southwestern nigeria. Most infected people are asymptomatic and never develop clinical symptoms. Although this is useful for the planning of control programmes, it does not portray heterogeneities of. Many mosquito bites over several months to years are needed to get lymphatic filariasis.
It is a nonparasitic disease, and like lymphatic filariasis, results in impairments due to lymphodema. Assessment of the burden of soiltransmitted helminthiasis. Sep 16, 2019 the baseline endemicity profile of lymphatic filariasis lf is a key benchmark for planning control programmes, monitoring their impact on transmission and assessing the feasibility of achieving elimination. Lymphatic filariasis is known to cause health problems in africa and rural communities in nigeria. Dec 06, 2017 the partners have eliminated lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in two states in nigeria, africas most populous country and the seventhlargest in the world. Lymphatic filariasis lf is a mosquitoborne disease endemic in tropical regions and caused by the parasitic nematode wuchereria bancrofti in africa, and by brugia malayi and b. Barriers to the elimination of lymphatic filariasis in sub.
Nigeria has the heaviest burden of lymphatic filariasis lf in subsaharan africa, which is caused by the parasite wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes. The lymph system maintains the bodys fluid balance and fights infections. It affect the quality of life of those affected impairing them not only physically but emotionally and economically. A major concern to the expansion of the lf elimination programme is the risk of serious. Comparative assessment of the vector filariasis in makurdi, benue state, nigeria. This is especially relevant given the crucial role of the family in most societies around the world. Millions of nigerians no longer are at risk of lymphatic filariasis since a pioneering partnership between nigeria s federal ministry of health and the carter center succeeded in 2017 in eliminating the disease as a public health problem in plateau and nasarawa states. In 2003, the nigerian lymphatic filariasis elimination programme. Pdf lymphatic filariasis and associated morbidities in.
Pdf lymphatic filariasis lf represents a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Communityselected volunteers mobilized to educate their. In contrast, family quality of life has not received as much attention despite evidence that families are also affected. A major concern to the expansion of the lf elimination. Background nigeria has a significant burden of lymphatic filariasis lf caused by the parasite wuchereria bancrofti. For this reason, malaria vectorcontrol programmes in countries where lymphatic filariasis is endemic are encouraged to acknowledge the additional publichealth benefits that may be achieved through their effects on transmission of lymphatic filariasis. Pdf lymphatic filariasis among the ezza people of ebonyi. Lymphatic filariasis is spread from person to person by mosquitoes. Presented in this work is the modelled serological and parasitological prevalence of lf prior to the scaleup of mass drug administration mda in nigeria using a machine learning.
Environmental suitability for lymphatic filariasis in nigeria parasites. In asia, the disease can also be caused by brugia malayi and brugia timori. Oct 19, 2012 the global programmes to eliminate both malaria and lymphatic filariasis are facing operational and technical challenges. Mapping the baseline prevalence of lymphatic filariasis. Survey of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions kaps of. Lymphatic filariasis, considered globally as a neglected tropical disease ntd, is a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, threadlike worms. This paper examines barriers to the elimination of lymphatic filariasis lf in subsaharan africa.
Effective control efforts on lymphatic filariasis lf are hindered by paucity of reliable data on spatial distribution of the disease. The disease results in permanent and long term disability. Eliminate lymphatic filariasis gpelf is to eliminate the disease as a public health problem by 2020 1. Available data show that the use of treated or untreated bednets and indoor residual spraying for malaria control concomitantly reduced filarial rates.
A key strategy of the global programme for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis, which has a target elimination date of 2020, is the treatment of entire endemic communities through mass drug administration of albendazole in combination. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of lymphatic. Integrated vector management to control malaria and lymphatic. Like in the case for lymphatic filariasis, a basic package of care can alleviate suffering and prevent further progression of disease and disability. A key strategy of the global programme for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis, which has a target elimination date of 2020, is the treatment of entire endemic communities through mass. Two states in nigeria eliminate disfiguring parasitic.
Lf prevalence data generated by the nigeria lymphatic filariasis. Welcome to cdc stacks centers for disease control and. Nigeria has over 120 million people at risk nationwide for the mosquito borne parasitic disease, lymphatic filariasis. Integrated vector management to control malaria and. This study was aimed at mapping and describing the transmission pattern of lymphatic filariasis in order to identify high risk zones of infection in cross river state crs, to guide intervention.
In turn, mass drug administration campaigns against lymphatic filariasis can be combined with the distribution of. These parasites are transmitted by various species of mosquitoes, with anopheles spp. Risk of lymphatic filariasis is present in nigeria. The adult worms only live in the human lymph system. Pdf lymphatic filariasis elimination and schistosomiasis. In bancroftian filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti the mature female worm measures up to 10 cm in length and 3 mm in width, whereas the male is only about one third this size. Author summary several studies have shown that leprosy, podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis impact individual quality of life.
This paper describes a pilot initiative to incorporate lymphatic filariasis lf elimination and urinary schistosomiasis sh control into a mature onchocerciasis control program based on communitydirected ivermectin treatment in central nigeria. Status of lymphatic filariasis elimina tion pr ogramme in nigeria. Lymphatic filariasis affect over 40 million people in the subsaharan region of africa. Seroprevalence of lymphatic filariasis in six communities of. Lymphatic filariasis risk risk of lymphatic filariasis is present in nigeria. The national lf elimination programme is planning to scale up the elimination programme through mass drug administration of ivermectin and albendazole. The burden of mental health in lymphatic filariasis. Vectors of lymphatic filariasis in anambra state, south eastern nigeria dorothy chinyere mbah and prof. Based on the results of a carter centersupported survey using these new guidelines, the nigeria federal ministry of health directed that mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis was stopped in 20 in both plateau and nasarawa. While the infection is usually acquired in childhood, its visible manifestations occur later in life, causing temporary or permanent disability. This study was carried out in four communities where lymphatic filariasis were earlier identified. Lymphatic filariasis and malaria awareness amongst. The significant burden of lymphatic filariasis in nigeria is caused by the wuchereria bancrofti 10,11. Lymphatic filariasis united states pdf ppt case reports.
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis in west african urban. In endemic countries, lymphatic filariasis has a major social and economic impact. Lymphatic filariasis references stanford university. Mapping the baseline prevalence of lymphatic filariasis across nigeria. The male and female worms together form nests in the human lymphatic system, the network of. The skin may become thicker as well, and the condition may become painful. Grace adeoye, department of zoology, university of lagos, akoka, yaba, lagos, nigeria. Lymphatic filariasis lf, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a painful and profoundly disfiguring disease. Lymphatic filariasis elimination program carter center. Integrated risk mapping and landscape characterisation of. Nigeria has a significant burden of lymphatic filariasis lf caused by the parasite wuchereria bancrofti. The low prevalence of lymphoedema and absence of hydrocele might be due to human or parasite genetic differences or transmission related factors 27.
The success against lymphatic filariasis in plateau and nasarawa states is the result of a longterm relationship between the government of nigeria and the carter center. It is one of the neglected tropical diseases identified by the world health organization for elimination as a public health problem by 2020. Nigerian journal of parasitology status of lymphatic filariasis in five. Pdf environmental suitability for lymphatic filariasis in. Maps displaying disease distribution are helpful tools to identify highrisk areas and target scarce control resources. Status of lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in. Lymphatic filariasis among the ezza people of ebonyi state, eastern nigeria. Presented in this work is the modelled serological and parasitological prevalence of lf prior to the scaleup of mass drug administration mda in nigeria using a machine learning based. The infection spreads from person to person by mosquito bites.
Lymphatic filariasis lf is a mosquitoborne parasitic disease and a major. Caused predominantly by the filarial worm wuchereria bancrofti, lf infects 120 million people worldwide, with about 40 million people showing symptoms like hydrocele, lymphedema, or elephantiasis. In nigeria, these include onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis lf, schistosomiasis, sth, and trachoma. However, nationwide implementation of control activities for sth has been limited. Some people, however, develop a syndrome called elephantiasis, which is marked by severe swelling in the arms, legs, breasts, or genitals. In mass drug administration, all eligible people in all endemic areas are given a single. Lymphatic filariasis among the yakurr people of cross. Lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, threadlike worms that only live in the human lymph system, which maintains the bodys fluid balance and fights infections. Nigeria delivers blow to lymphatic filariasis youtube. Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a parasitic infection caused by the wuchereria bancrofti, b rugia malayi, and brugia timori nematode worms transmitted to humans through the bite of infected aedes, culex, anopheles, and mansonia mosquitoes. Lymphatic filariasis page 1 akre m adja,sina helbig, alia tayea, neil arya prepared as part of an education project of the global health education consortium and. Samuel asaolu, department of zoology, obafemi awolowo university, ile ife, nigeria. Nigeria was rated as the third most endemic country with lymphatic filariasis in the world after india and indonesia. The most populous country in africa follows only india as far as endemicity.
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